The principle of preventive control brings about a sharp distinction between analyzing performance reports and determining whether managers adopt the established principles in actual practice. Thus, the principle of preventive control can be stated as
I. The higher the quality of managers and their subordinates, the less will be the need for direct controls.
II. The higher the quality of managers and their subordinates, the less will be the need for preventive controls.
III. The higher the quality of managers and their subordinates, the less will be the need for concurrent controls.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) Both (I) and (II) above
(e) Both (II) and (III) above.
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